Advancing Hydrokinetic Energy: Composite Solutions for Turbine Blades

Abstract

Hydro-kinetic technology offers a promising alternative for clean energy generation, especially in areas where traditional hydropower dams are impractical or environmentally undesirable. It harnesses the kinetic energy of flowing water—such as rivers, tidal streams, and ocean currents—without the need for large dams or reservoirs, reducing ecological disruption. This innovative approach not only broadens the potential sites for renewable energy development but also contributes to diversifying the energy mix and reducing reliance on fossil fuels. As research and deployment of hydro-kinetic systems advance, they could play a significant role in sustainable energy strategies worldwide.

The turbine blade, engineered for optimal energy capture, faces significant challenges from environmental factors like salt, sand, and constant flow, making material selection critical. Composites, which combine fibers such as glass or carbon with resins, offer an advantageous solution due to their strength, lightness, and resistance to rust. Several specific studies are examined in this article, which demonstrates that certain composites may withstand high stresses for more than 20 years. However, problems like biofouling and delamination can lower performance, necessitating creative fixes like novel coatings and materials. Composites could improve energy output and sustainability, supporting the drive for renewable energy by 2026, despite high initial prices and repair challenges.