Challenges in developing, standardizing and implementing Primary Education Amharic Terminologies

Abstract

Terminologies are crucial for effectively conveying technical concepts across various school subjects. Although Amharic has served as the medium of instruction in primary education since 1958/59, it is necessary to update its terminologies to reflect current developments. Consequently, this research aimed to identify the challenges involved in developing, standardizing, and implementing Primary Education Amharic Terminologies (PEATs). The study employed a descriptive research design. Qualitative data were collected through questionnaires completed by textbook authors, teachers, students, and parents. Additionally, interviews were conducted with experts from curriculum development units and relevant government institutions in both the Amhara region and at the federal level. Focus group discussions were also held with students in Grades five and six. Furthermore, the research involved reviewing textbooks for Civics & Ethical Education, Integrated Science, Mathematics, and Social Studies for these grades to identify relevant terminologies. The qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis, complemented by methods aligned with term formation principles and terminology standards. The findings revealed several challenges impeding the development, standardization, and implementation of PEATs. These included the lack of a national coordinating body for terminological work, limited awareness of the importance of terminologies in teaching and learning, insufficient collaboration among stakeholders, and the absence of research-based initiatives in terminology development. To improve the quality of education in the mother tongue and address these issues, the study recommends a planned approach to the development, standardization, and implementation of terminologies. This approach should be grounded in research, supported by training and public awareness campaigns, and fostered through inter-institutional cooperation.