ልጅነት በ“ዘላን” እና “አለንጋና ምስር”፤ ሥነ ልቡናዊ ንባብ
Abstract
ይህ ጥናት የአዳም ረታ ስራ ከሆነው “አለንጋና ምስር” የአጫጭር እና ኖቬላ ልቦለዶች መድበል ውስጥ በተመረጡ ሁለት ቴክስቶች (“ዘላን” እና “አለንጋና ምስር”) ላይ የሥነ ልቡና ንድፈ ሃሳቦችን ምቹ በሆነ ስልት በማልመድ የተደረገ ነው፡፡ በቴክስቶቹ ውስጥ የተቀረጹ ልጅ ገፀ ባህሪያትን ከማኅበረ-ልቡናዊና ‹‹ሳይኮሴክሿል›› ማንነት፣ ‹‹ኤዲፐሳዊ ቅዠት›› (Oedipus complex) እና ‹‹ፍቅዓተ-ኢጎ›› (splitting of the ego)፣ የጨቅላነት ‹‹ግንትሮሽ›› (fixation) እና የሁለት ሰብዕናዎች መቃየጥ አንጻር ለመመርመር ተሞክሯል፡፡ እንዲሁም ከልዩ ልዩ ሚቶሎጂዎች የተቀዱ መባያዎች ሰብዕናን መርምሮ ለማሳየት ትኩረት ተደርጎባቸዋል፡፡ ጥናቱ ወዲህ በቴክስቶቹ ውስጥ የተቀረጹ ልጅ ገፀ ባህሪያት የብቸኝነት፣ የመከዳትና የመጣል ስሜት የሚስተዋልባቸው እንደሆኑ፣ ወዲህ ደግሞ የአሳዳጊዎቻቸው ሚና አፍራሽ መሆኑ፣ የጨቅላነት ‹‹ሳይኮሴክሿል›› ዕድገት የ‹‹ግንትሮሽ››ና የ‹‹ሣቃዪ ፍለሳ›› (sadistic displacement) ማደሪያዎች እንደሆኑ ተብራርቷል፡፡ ስለሆነም፣ በእነዚህና በትንተናው ውስጥ በ“ተዘነቁ” ሃሳቦች ልጆቹ ማኅበረ-ባህላዊ ኃላፊነትን መሸከም የማይችሉ እንደሆኑ ለማጠቃለል ተሞክሯል፡፡ በመጨረሻም በቴክስቶቹ ውስጥ ልጆቹ የተቀረጹት፣ ማኅበረ-ባህላዊ ስርዓቶችና ተፈጥሯዊ ማንነቶች በመጎራበት ነው ብሎ ማጠቃለል ይቻላል፡፡References
ዎድሮስ ገብሬ (2001):: በይነ ዲሲፕሊናዊ የሥነ ጽሑፍ ንባብ፡፡ አዲስ አበባ፣ አዲስ አበባ ዩኒቨርሲቲ ፕሬስ፡፡
የኢትዮጵያ መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ማኅበር (1962)፡፡ መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ የብሉይና የሐዲስ ኪዳን መጻሕፍት፡፡ አዲስ አበባ፣ ብርሃንና ሰላም ማተሚያ ቤት፡፡
የኢትዮጵያ ቋንቋዎች ጥናትና ምርምር (1993)፡፡ የአማርኛ መዝገበ ቃላት፡፡ አዲስ አበባ ዩኒቨርሲቲ፣ አርቲስቲክ ማተሚያ ቤት፡፡
አዳም ረታ (2004)፡፡ አለንጋና ምስር፡፡ አዲስ አበባ፣ ርኆቦት አታሚዎች፡፡
ኪዳነ ወልድ ክፍሌ (1948)፡፡ መጽሐፈ፡ሰዋስው፡ወግስ፡ወመዝገበ፡ቃላት፡ ሐዲስ፡፡ አዲስ አበባ፣ አርቲስቲክ ማተሚያ ቤት፡፡
Baldick, Ch. (2001). Oxford Concise Dictionary of Literary Terms. Oxford: OUP.
Barker, Ch. (2004). The SAGE Dictionary of Cultural Studies. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.
Bocock, R. (2002). Sigmund Freud. Rev. ed. New York: Routledge.
Cavallaro, D. (2001). Critical and Cultural Theory: Thematic Variations. London & New York: The Athcone Press.
Eagleton, T. (2008). Literary Theory: An Introduction. Ann. Ed. Minnesota: UMP.
Erickson, E. (1959). Identity and the Life Cycle. New York: International University Press.
Erickson, E. (1963). Childhood and Society. London: W.W. Norton & Co Inc.
Ferber, M. (2007). A Dictionary of Literary Symbols. 2 nd ed. Cambridge: CUP.
Fink, B. (1995).The Lacanian Subject: Between Language and Jouissance. New Jersey: PUP.
Freud, S. (1900). The Interpretation of Dreams. (3 rd ed.) Trans. Abraham Arden Brill (1913). New York: Macmillan.
Freud, S. (1905). Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality. Trans. James Strachey. (1962) New York: Basic Books. (Reprinted in 2011)
Golan, R. (2006). Loving Psychoanalysis: Looking at Culture with Freud and Lacan. London and New York: Karnac.
Grosz, E. (1998). Jacques Lacan: a Feminist introduction. London and NewYork: Routledge.
Guerin, L. et al. (2005). A Handbook of Critical Approaches to Literature. 5 th ed. New York: OUP.
Habib, R. (2005). A History of Literary Criticism: from Plato to the Present. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Jakobson, R. and Halle, M. (1956). Fundamentals of Language. Mouton: Co.‘s-Gravenhage.
Krishnaswamy and et al. (2004). Contemporary Literary Theory: a Student’s Companion. Macmillan: Macmillan India Ltd.
Lacan, J. (2005). The Symbolic, the Imagianary, and the Real. In On the Names-of-the-Father. Trans. Bruce Fink (2013). (pp. 1-52). Malden: Polity Press.
Lynch, P. (2004). African Mythology A to Z. New York: Facts on File Inc.
Manser, M. (2009). Dictionary of Allusions. New York: Facts on File Inc.
Mijolla-Mellor, S. (2005). Spliting of the Ego. In Alain Mijolla (ed.), International Dictionary of Psychoanalysis. Trans. Philip Beitchman, et al. Vol. 1 (pp. 1647). New York: Thomson Gale.
Ribas, D. (2005). Sadism. In Alain Mijolla (ed.), International Dictionary of Psychoanalysis. Trans. Philip Beitchman, et al. Vol. 1 (pp. 15151526). New York: Thomson Gale.
Roussillon, R. (2005). Reality Principle. In Alain Mijolla (ed.), International Dictionary of Pschoanalysis. Trans. Philip Beitchman, et al. Vol. 1 (pp. 1450) New York: Thomson Gale.
Smada, C. (2005). Fixation. In Alain Mijolla (ed.), International Dictionary of Psychoanalysis. Trans. Philip Beitchman, et al. Vol. 1 (pp. 588). New York: Thomson Gale.
Sullivan, S (2004). The Unconscious Life of Race: Freudian Resource for Critical Race Theory. In John Mills (ed.), Reading Freud: Psychoanalysis through Philolososphy (pp.195-218). New York: SUNP,
Thom, M. (2003). The Unconscious Structured as a Language. In Slavoj
Zizek (ed.), Jacques Lacan: Critical Evaluations in Cultural Theory. Vol. 1 (pp. 33-70) London and NewYork: Routledge.
Tyson, L. (2006). Critical Theory Today: a User-Friendly Guide. 2 ed. NewYork & London: Routledge.
Wellek, R. and Warren, A. (1949). Theory of Literature. New York: Harcourt, Brace And Company Inc.
Zakin, E. (2004). The ‘Alchemy of Identification’: Narcism, Melancholia, Feminity. In John Mills (ed.), Reading Freud: Psychoanalysis through Philosophy (pp. 77-102). New York: SUNP.
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
